Verstädnissfrage zu Direct3D 11 (World View / Projection Space)
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Hallo! Bin gerade dabei, mir DirectX 11 beizubringen (via Online-Tutorial).
Es handelt sich bei meiner Frage nicht um einen Fehler, sondern lediglich um ein Verständnissproblem. Ich finde nämlich auf Teufel komm raus nicht die Verbindung zwischen den beiden Würfeln und der Rotationsrichtung. Was ich damit meine, könnt ihr natürlich so nicht wissen, daher hiereinmal der Code aus dem Online-Tutorial:main.cpp
//Include and link appropriate libraries and headers// #pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx11.lib") #pragma comment(lib, "d3dx10.lib") #include <windows.h> #include <d3d11.h> #include <d3dx11.h> #include <d3dx10.h> #include <xnamath.h> //Global Declarations - Interfaces// IDXGISwapChain* SwapChain; ID3D11Device* d3d11Device; ID3D11DeviceContext* d3d11DevCon; ID3D11RenderTargetView* renderTargetView; ID3D11Buffer* squareIndexBuffer; ID3D11DepthStencilView* depthStencilView; ID3D11Texture2D* depthStencilBuffer; ID3D11Buffer* squareVertBuffer; ID3D11VertexShader* VS; ID3D11PixelShader* PS; ID3D10Blob* VS_Buffer; ID3D10Blob* PS_Buffer; ID3D11InputLayout* vertLayout; ID3D11Buffer* cbPerObjectBuffer; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// ID3D11ShaderResourceView* CubesTexture; ID3D11SamplerState* CubesTexSamplerState; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Global Declarations - Others// LPCTSTR WndClassName = L"firstwindow"; HWND hwnd = NULL; HRESULT hr; const int Width = 300; const int Height = 300; XMMATRIX WVP; XMMATRIX cube1World; XMMATRIX cube2World; XMMATRIX camView; XMMATRIX camProjection; XMVECTOR camPosition; XMVECTOR camTarget; XMVECTOR camUp; XMMATRIX Rotation; XMMATRIX Scale; XMMATRIX Translation; float rot = 0.01f; //Function Prototypes// bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance); void CleanUp(); bool InitScene(); void UpdateScene(); void DrawScene(); bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int ShowWnd, int width, int height, bool windowed); int messageloop(); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); //Create effects constant buffer's structure// struct cbPerObject { XMMATRIX WVP; }; cbPerObject cbPerObj; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Vertex Structure and Vertex Layout (Input Layout)// struct Vertex //Overloaded Vertex Structure { Vertex(){} Vertex(float x, float y, float z, float u, float v) : pos(x,y,z), texCoord(u, v){} XMFLOAT3 pos; XMFLOAT2 texCoord; }; D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC layout[] = { { "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }, { "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }, }; UINT numElements = ARRAYSIZE(layout); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, //Main windows function HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { if(!InitializeWindow(hInstance, nShowCmd, Width, Height, true)) { MessageBox(0, L"Window Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } if(!InitializeDirect3d11App(hInstance)) //Initialize Direct3D { MessageBox(0, L"Direct3D Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } if(!InitScene()) //Initialize our scene { MessageBox(0, L"Scene Initialization - Failed", L"Error", MB_OK); return 0; } messageloop(); CleanUp(); return 0; } bool InitializeWindow(HINSTANCE hInstance, int ShowWnd, int width, int height, bool windowed) { typedef struct _WNDCLASS { UINT cbSize; UINT style; WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; int cbClsExtra; int cbWndExtra; HANDLE hInstance; HICON hIcon; HCURSOR hCursor; HBRUSH hbrBackground; LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; LPCTSTR lpszClassName; } WNDCLASS; WNDCLASSEX wc; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = NULL; wc.cbWndExtra = NULL; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 2); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = WndClassName; wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, L"Error registering class", L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR); return 1; } hwnd = CreateWindowEx( NULL, WndClassName, L"Lesson 4 - Begin Drawing", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, width, height, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); if (!hwnd) { MessageBox(NULL, L"Error creating window", L"Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR); return 1; } ShowWindow(hwnd, ShowWnd); UpdateWindow(hwnd); return true; } bool InitializeDirect3d11App(HINSTANCE hInstance) { //Describe our SwapChain Buffer DXGI_MODE_DESC bufferDesc; ZeroMemory(&bufferDesc, sizeof(DXGI_MODE_DESC)); bufferDesc.Width = Width; bufferDesc.Height = Height; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60; bufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1; bufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; bufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED; bufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED; //Describe our SwapChain DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc; ZeroMemory(&swapChainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC)); swapChainDesc.BufferDesc = bufferDesc; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd; swapChainDesc.Windowed = TRUE; swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD; //Create our SwapChain hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(NULL, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &SwapChain, &d3d11Device, NULL, &d3d11DevCon); //Create our BackBuffer ID3D11Texture2D* BackBuffer; hr = SwapChain->GetBuffer( 0, __uuidof( ID3D11Texture2D ), (void**)&BackBuffer ); //Create our Render Target hr = d3d11Device->CreateRenderTargetView( BackBuffer, NULL, &renderTargetView ); BackBuffer->Release(); //Describe our Depth/Stencil Buffer D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthStencilDesc; depthStencilDesc.Width = Width; depthStencilDesc.Height = Height; depthStencilDesc.MipLevels = 1; depthStencilDesc.ArraySize = 1; depthStencilDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; depthStencilDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0; depthStencilDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; depthStencilDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL; depthStencilDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; depthStencilDesc.MiscFlags = 0; //Create the Depth/Stencil View d3d11Device->CreateTexture2D(&depthStencilDesc, NULL, &depthStencilBuffer); d3d11Device->CreateDepthStencilView(depthStencilBuffer, NULL, &depthStencilView); //Set our Render Target d3d11DevCon->OMSetRenderTargets( 1, &renderTargetView, depthStencilView ); return true; } void CleanUp() { //Release the COM Objects we created SwapChain->Release(); d3d11Device->Release(); d3d11DevCon->Release(); renderTargetView->Release(); squareVertBuffer->Release(); squareIndexBuffer->Release(); VS->Release(); PS->Release(); VS_Buffer->Release(); PS_Buffer->Release(); vertLayout->Release(); depthStencilView->Release(); depthStencilBuffer->Release(); cbPerObjectBuffer->Release(); } bool InitScene() { //Compile Shaders from shader file hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "VS", "vs_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &VS_Buffer, 0, 0); hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"Effects.fx", 0, 0, "PS", "ps_4_0", 0, 0, 0, &PS_Buffer, 0, 0); //Create the Shader Objects hr = d3d11Device->CreateVertexShader(VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &VS); hr = d3d11Device->CreatePixelShader(PS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), PS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &PS); //Set Vertex and Pixel Shaders d3d11DevCon->VSSetShader(VS, 0, 0); d3d11DevCon->PSSetShader(PS, 0, 0); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Create the vertex buffer Vertex v[] = { // Front Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), // Back Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), // Top Face Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), // Bottom Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), // Left Face Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), // Right Face Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), Vertex( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), }; DWORD indices[] = { // Front Face 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, // Back Face 4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, // Top Face 8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, // Bottom Face 12, 13, 14, 12, 14, 15, // Left Face 16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, // Right Face 20, 21, 22, 20, 22, 23 }; D3D11_BUFFER_DESC indexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory( &indexBufferDesc, sizeof(indexBufferDesc) ); indexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; indexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(DWORD) * 12 * 3; indexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER; indexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; indexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA iinitData; iinitData.pSysMem = indices; d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&indexBufferDesc, &iinitData, &squareIndexBuffer); d3d11DevCon->IASetIndexBuffer( squareIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexBufferDesc; ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferDesc, sizeof(vertexBufferDesc) ); vertexBufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; vertexBufferDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof( Vertex ) * 24; vertexBufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; vertexBufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0; vertexBufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0; ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertexBufferData; ZeroMemory( &vertexBufferData, sizeof(vertexBufferData) ); vertexBufferData.pSysMem = v; hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer( &vertexBufferDesc, &vertexBufferData, &squareVertBuffer); //Set the vertex buffer UINT stride = sizeof( Vertex ); UINT offset = 0; d3d11DevCon->IASetVertexBuffers( 0, 1, &squareVertBuffer, &stride, &offset ); //Create the Input Layout hr = d3d11Device->CreateInputLayout( layout, numElements, VS_Buffer->GetBufferPointer(), VS_Buffer->GetBufferSize(), &vertLayout ); //Set the Input Layout d3d11DevCon->IASetInputLayout( vertLayout ); //Set Primitive Topology d3d11DevCon->IASetPrimitiveTopology( D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST ); //Create the Viewport D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport; ZeroMemory(&viewport, sizeof(D3D11_VIEWPORT)); viewport.TopLeftX = 0; viewport.TopLeftY = 0; viewport.Width = Width; viewport.Height = Height; viewport.MinDepth = 0.0f; viewport.MaxDepth = 1.0f; //Set the Viewport d3d11DevCon->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); //Create the buffer to send to the cbuffer in effect file D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cbbd; ZeroMemory(&cbbd, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); cbbd.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT; cbbd.ByteWidth = sizeof(cbPerObject); cbbd.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER; cbbd.CPUAccessFlags = 0; cbbd.MiscFlags = 0; hr = d3d11Device->CreateBuffer(&cbbd, NULL, &cbPerObjectBuffer); //Camera information camPosition = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 3.0f, -8.0f, 0.0f ); camTarget = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); camUp = XMVectorSet( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); //Set the View matrix camView = XMMatrixLookAtLH( camPosition, camTarget, camUp ); //Set the Projection matrix camProjection = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( 0.4f*3.14f, (float)Width/Height, 1.0f, 1000.0f); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// hr = D3DX11CreateShaderResourceViewFromFile( d3d11Device, L"braynzar.jpg", NULL, NULL, &CubesTexture, NULL ); // Describe the Sample State D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sampDesc; ZeroMemory( &sampDesc, sizeof(sampDesc) ); sampDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR; sampDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; sampDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; sampDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; sampDesc.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER; sampDesc.MinLOD = 0; sampDesc.MaxLOD = D3D11_FLOAT32_MAX; //Create the Sample State hr = d3d11Device->CreateSamplerState( &sampDesc, &CubesTexSamplerState ); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// return true; } void UpdateScene() { //Keep the cubes rotating rot += .0005f; if(rot > 6.26f) rot = 0.0f; //Reset cube1World cube1World = XMMatrixIdentity(); //Define cube1's world space matrix XMVECTOR rotaxis = XMVectorSet(2.0f, 2.0f, 8.0f, 4.0f); Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis( rotaxis, rot); Translation = XMMatrixTranslation( 0.0f, 0.0f, 14.0f ); //Set cube1's world space using the transformations cube1World = Translation * Rotation; //Reset cube2World cube2World = XMMatrixIdentity(); //Define cube2's world space matrix Rotation = XMMatrixRotationAxis( rotaxis, -rot); Scale = XMMatrixScaling( 1.3f, 1.3f, 1.3f ); //Set cube2's world space matrix cube2World = Rotation * Scale; } void DrawScene() { //Clear our backbuffer float bgColor[4] = {(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)}; d3d11DevCon->ClearRenderTargetView(renderTargetView, bgColor); //Refresh the Depth/Stencil view d3d11DevCon->ClearDepthStencilView(depthStencilView, D3D11_CLEAR_DEPTH|D3D11_CLEAR_STENCIL, 1.0f, 0); //Set the WVP matrix and send it to the constant buffer in effect file WVP = cube1World * camView * camProjection; cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP); d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource( cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0 ); d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer ); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources( 0, 1, &CubesTexture ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers( 0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState ); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Draw the first cube d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed( 36, 0, 0 ); WVP = cube2World * camView * camProjection; cbPerObj.WVP = XMMatrixTranspose(WVP); d3d11DevCon->UpdateSubresource( cbPerObjectBuffer, 0, NULL, &cbPerObj, 0, 0 ); d3d11DevCon->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, &cbPerObjectBuffer ); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// d3d11DevCon->PSSetShaderResources( 0, 1, &CubesTexture ); d3d11DevCon->PSSetSamplers( 0, 1, &CubesTexSamplerState ); ///////////////**************new**************//////////////////// //Draw the second cube d3d11DevCon->DrawIndexed( 36, 0, 0 ); //Present the backbuffer to the screen SwapChain->Present(0, 0); } int messageloop(){ MSG msg; ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG)); while(true) { BOOL PeekMessageL( LPMSG lpMsg, HWND hWnd, UINT wMsgFilterMin, UINT wMsgFilterMax, UINT wRemoveMsg ); if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) break; TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } else{ // run game code UpdateScene(); DrawScene(); } } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch( msg ) { case WM_KEYDOWN: if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ){ DestroyWindow(hwnd); } return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); }
Effects.fx
cbuffer cbPerObject { float4x4 WVP; }; Texture2D ObjTexture; SamplerState ObjSamplerState; struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Pos : SV_POSITION; float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD; }; VS_OUTPUT VS(float4 inPos : POSITION, float2 inTexCoord : TEXCOORD) { VS_OUTPUT output; output.Pos = mul(inPos, WVP); output.TexCoord = inTexCoord; return output; } float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET { return ObjTexture.Sample( ObjSamplerState, input.TexCoord ); }
Bei dem Code klappt Alles wunderbar, doch frage ich mich nun, WO wird 'gesagt', dass die sechs Vierecke bzw die zwölf Dreieicke den Cube1 bilden und die Anderen Cube2. Und wo werden diese angesprochen? In der Zeile 499 wird die Roatationsrichtung
rot
ja negativ übergeben. Also muss in der Updatefunktion ja die Zuweisung stattfinden. Nur ich sehe sie nicht.
Wie gesagt, ich suche keinen Fehler, sondern nur Verständniss. Also, wenn ihr so nett seit und antworten wollt, wäre es nett, wenn ihr mir nicht nur die Codezeile nennt, sondern vielleicht auch etwas über die Funktionsweise eben dieser loswerden könntet, damit ich es nicht nur weiß, sondern auch verstehe!Liebe Grüße und vielen Dank!
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Ergänzung:
Vielleicht ist meine Frage ein wenig schwammig: Die Programmausgabe leifert zwei Würfel. Der eine dreht sich um seinen Mittelpunkt, der andere dreht sich um den Ersten. Jetzt sehe ich aber nicht, woher das Programm 'weiß', dass es die Polygone X bis Y so drehen muss und die Polygone A bis B anders.
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Wo ich mir grad das ganze Geömmel noch mal genauer ansehe, scheint es mir, dass ich da eher etwas grundlegend falsch verstanden habe. Mit den Vertices wird ja erst nur ein 'Würfel' erstellt. Der zweite wird dann ja erst... Ich glaube es hat sich erledigt...
Das kommt davon, wenn man Code überspringt, weil man glaubt, man hat ihn verstanden....